NCCRS Statistics 101: Principles of Statistics

Unlock the power of statistics with this course! Gain practical tools to apply statistical principles & tackle real-world problems. Explore a topics, from probability & sampling distributions to hypothesis testing, & become a statistical whiz.

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Course Curriculum

1. Course Overview and Learning Outcomes
1. Lesson 1.1 Understanding Descriptive and Inferential Statistics with Examples
2. Introduction
3. Statistics: Descriptive vs. Inferential Statistics
4. Two Categories of Statistics
5. Descriptive Statistics
6. Inferential Statistics
7. Lesson Summary
8. Frequently Asked Questions
9. 1.1 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Definition of Population in Statistics
3. How to find Population
4. Example of Population in Statistics
5. What is Sample in Statistics?
6. How to find Sample?
7. Example of Sample in Statistics
8. Difference Between Population And Sample
9. Lesson Summary
10. Frequently Asked Questions
11. 1.2 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Parameter vs. Statistic
3. Difference Between Parameter and Statistic
4. Parameter vs. Statistic Example
5. Lesson Summary
6. 1.3 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Statistics and Populations
3. Population and Parameter
4. Parameter Estimation Methods in Statistics
5. Inferring Parameters from Statistics
6. Lesson Summary
7. 1.4 quiz
1. Introduction
2. What Is Quantitative Data?
3. Types of Quantitative Data
4. Quantitative Data Examples
5. Quantitative Data Analysis Methods
6. Advantages and Disadvantages of Quantitative Data
7. When to Use Quantitative Data
8. Lesson Summary
9. Frequently Asked Questions
10. 1.5 quiz
11. Introduction
1. Introduction
2. Defining Data
3. Understanding Categorical Data
4. Categorical vs. Quantitative Data
5. Using Categorical Data
6. Lesson Summary
7. Learning Outcomes
8. 1.6 quiz
9. Defining Data
1. Introduction
2. Understanding Data
3. Discrete and Continuous Data
4. Lesson Summary
5. Learning Outcome
6. 1.7 quiz
1. Introduction
2. What Is Nominal Measurement?
3. Nominal Data Definition
4. Analyzing Nominal Data
5. Ordinal Data Definition
6. Analyzing Ordinal Data
7. Interval Measurement
8. Ratio Measurement
9. Lesson Summary
10. Frequently Asked Questions
11. 1.8 quiz
1. Introduction
2. What is the Purpose of Statistics?
3. Types of Statistical Models
4. Types of Variables
5. Categorical Data
6. Quantitative Data
7. Statistical Data Examples
8. Lesson Summary
9. Frequently Asked Questions
10. 1.9 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Observational Study vs Experiment
3. Types of Variables in Research
4. Experimental Study Definition
5. Observational Study Definition
6. Observational Study vs. Experiment Examples
7. Lesson Summary
8. Frequently Asked Questions
9. 1.10 quiz
1. Introduction
2. What is Random Selection?
3. Random Allocation
4. Random Allocation vs Random Selection
5. Lesson Summary
6. Frequently Asked Questions
7. 1.11 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Convenience Sampling Explained
3. Convenience Sampling Pros and Cons
4. Reducing Bias in Convenience Sampling
5. Lesson Summary
6. Frequently Asked Questions
7. 1.12 quiz
1. Introduction
2. What is a Randomized Controlled Trial?
3. Pros and Cons of Randomized Controlled Trials
4. Designing a Randomized Controlled Trial
5. Randomized Controlled Trial Examples
6. Lesson Summary
7. Frequently Asked Questions
8. 1.13 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Analyzing the Results of an Experiment
3. Understanding the Experiment
4. The Limitations of Your Experiment
5. Lesson Summary
6. 1.14 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Problems with Statistical Analysis
3. What Is Confounding?
4. What Is Bias?
5. Lesson Summary
6. 1.15 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Confounding Variable in Statistics
3. Confounding Definition
4. Why are Confounding Variables Important?
5. Other Types of Confounding
6. Tips to Avoid Confounding Variables
7. Lesson Summary
8. Frequently Asked Questions
9. 1.16 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Bias Definition in Statistics
3. How to Determine Bias in Statistics?
4. Types of Bias in Statistics
5. Examples of Biased Statistics
6. Lesson Summary
7. Frequently Asked Questions
8. 1.17 quiz
1. Introduction
2. What Is Bias?
3. Why Be Biased?
4. Sources of Bias
5. Lesson Summary
6. Lesson at a Glance
7. Learning Outcome
8. 1.18 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Misleading Uses of Statistics
3. Issues with Sampling and Surveys
4. Issues with Data Interpretation
5. Lesson Summary
6. Learning Outcomes
7. 1.19 quiz
1. Introduction
1. Introduction
2. Finding Your Center
3. Using Mean
4. Using Median
5. Lesson Summary
6. Learning Outcomes
7. 2.1 quiz
1. Introduction
2. What is Central Tendency in Psychology?
3. Measures of Central Tendency in Psychology
4. Lesson Summary
5. Frequently Asked Questions
6. 2.2 quiz
1. Introduction
2. What are the Measures of Central Tendency?
3. What are Mean, Median, Mode, and Range Used for?
4. How to Find the Mean
5. How to Find the Median
6. How to Find the Mode
7. How to Find the Range
8. Example Using Mean, Median, Mode, and Range
9. The Best Measure of Central Tendency
10. Finding the Range
11. Lesson Summary
12. Frequently Asked Questions
13. 2.3 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Mean, Median, Mode & Range Definitions
3. Gasoline Prices
4. Lesson Summary
5. Learning Outcome
6. 2.4 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Symmetric Distribution Definition
3. Skewed Distribution Definition
4. Skewed and Symmetric Distribution Examples
5. Graphing Data Sets
6. Graphing Symmetrical Data Sets
7. Graphing Skewed Data Sets
8. Lesson Summary
9. Frequently Asked Questions
10. 2.5 quiz
11. Graphing Symmetrical Data Sets
1. Introduction
2. Mode
3. Unimodal Definition
4. Unimodal Histograms
5. Unimodal Distribution Example
6. What is Bimodal?
7. Bimodal Histogram
8. Bimodal Distribution Example
9. Unimodal vs. Bimodal
10. Multimodal
11. Lesson Summary
12. Frequently Asked Questions
13. 2.6 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Difference Between Mean and Median
3. Calculation of Mean and Median
4. When to Use Mean vs Median
5. Mean and Median Examples
6. Lesson Summary
7. Frequently Asked Questions
8. 2.7 quiz
1. Introduction
2. What is the Spread of Data?
3. How to Find the Spread of Data
4. Range
5. Interquartile Range
6. Mean Deviation
7. Standard Deviation
8. Lesson Summary
9. Frequently Asked Questions
10. 2.8 quiz
1. Introduction
2. What is an Outlier in a Data Set?
3. Minimums and Maximums in Data Entries
4. Finding Outliers in a Data Set
5. Example: Minimum, Maximum, and Outlier in a Data Set
6. Lesson Summary
7. Frequently Asked Questions
8. 2.9 quiz
1. Introduction
2. What Is a Quartile?
3. How to Find Quartiles
4. How to Find the First Quartile
5. How to Find the Third Quartile
6. How to Find Interquartile Range
7. Lesson Summary
8. Frequently Asked Questions
9. 2.10 quiz
10. Frequently Asked Questions
1. Introduction
2. Percentiles Explained
3. Percentile Formula with Example
4. Example 1: How to Find the Percentile of a Data Set
5. Example 2: How to Find Percentile of a Data Set
6. Example 3: How to Determine the Percentile
7. Lesson Summary
8. Frequently Asked Questions
9. 2.11 quiz
1. Introduction
2. What Is Standard Deviation?
3. How to Find Standard Deviation
4. Solving the Standard Deviation Equation
5. How to Find the Standard Deviation of a Data Set
6. How to Find Standard Deviation from Mean
7. Standard Deviation and Data Findings
8. Lesson Summary
9. FAQs
10. 2.12 quiz
1. Introduction
2. The Effects of Linear Transformations
3. Transforming Data
4. Linear Transformations Example 2
5. Lesson Summary
6. Learning Outcomes
7. 2.13 quiz
1. Introduction
2. What is Population Variance?
3. Population Variance Formula
4. Population Standard Deviation Formula
5. Using the Formulas
6. Population Variance vs Sample Variance
7. Lesson Summary
8. Frequently Asked Questions
9. 2.14 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Ranked Data
3. Types of Ranking
4. Analyzing Ranked Data
5. Lesson Summary
6. Frequently Asked Questions
7. 2.15 quiz
1. Introduction
1. Introduction
2. What is Relative Frequency?
3. Frequency vs. Relative Frequency
4. How to Find Relative Frequency
5. Relative Frequency Table
6. Relative Frequency Examples
7. Lesson Summary
8. Frequently Asked Questions
9. 3.1 quiz
1. Introduction
2. What is Cumulative Frequency?
3. Cumulative Frequency Table
4. How Do You Find Cumulative Frequency?
5. Cumulative Frequency Example for Grouped Data
6. Cumulative Frequency Distribution
7. Lesson Summary
8. Frequently Asked Questions
9. 3.2 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Relative and Cumulative Frequency
3. Cumulative Frequency Formula
4. Cumulative Relative Frequency Formula
5. What is the Cumulative Percentage?
6. Cumulative Percentage Distribution
7. The Cumulative Relative Frequency Table
8. Lesson Summary
9. Frequently Asked Questions
10. 3.3 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Stem-and-Leaf Displays
3. Creating Stem-and-Leaf Displays
4. Lesson Summary
5. Learning Outcomes
6. 3.4 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Histograms
3. Creating a Histogram
4. Interpreting a Histogram
5. Lesson Summary
6. Learning Outcomes
7. 3.5 quiz
1. Introduction
2. What is a Frequency Polygon in Statistics?
3. How to Make a Frequency Polygon
4. Lesson Summary
5. Frequently Asked Questions
6. 3.6 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Using Dot Plots
3. What Is a Dot Plot?
4. Creating a Dot Plot
5. Interpreting a Dot Plot
6. Lesson Summary
7. Learning Outcomes
8. 3.7 quiz
1. Introduction
2. What is a Box Plot?
3. How to Make a Box Plot?
4. What are Box Plots Used For?
5. Box Plot Interpretation
6. Box Plot Example Problem 1
7. Box Plot Example Problem 2
8. Box Plot Analysis
9. Lesson Summary
10. Frequently Asked Questions
11. 3.8 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Pie Chart vs. Bar Graph
3. Bar Graphs
4. Reading Bar Graphs
5. Pie Charts
6. Reading Pie Charts
7. When to Use a Pie Chart vs. Bar Graph
8. Examples of Bar Graphs and Pie Charts
9. Lesson Summary
10. 3.9 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Making Predictions from Univariate Data
3. How to Analyze Univariate Data
4. Analyzing Data Using Central Tendency
5. Analyzing Data with Graphs and Tables
6. Lesson Summary
7. Learning Outcomes
8. 3.10 quiz
1. Introduction
2. What is Bivariate Data?
3. Univariate vs. Bivariate
4. Bivariate Relationship
5. Bivariate Data Examples
6. What is a Bivariate Analysis?
7. Types of Analysis for Bivariate Data
8. Lesson Summary
9. Frequently Asked Questions
10. 3.11 quiz
1. Introduction
2. What is a Two Way Table?
3. Two Way Frequency Table Examples
4. Using a Two Way Relative Frequency Table
5. Associations Between Categorical Variables
6. Lesson Summary
7. 3.12 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Joint, Marginal and Conditional Frequencies
3. Understanding Two-Way Tables
4. What is Joint Relative Frequency?
5. Joint Relative Frequency Example
6. What is Marginal Relative Frequency?
7. What is Conditional Relative Frequency?
8. Comparing Joint, Marginal, and Conditional Frequencies
9. Lesson Summary
10. Frequently Asked Questions
11. 3.13 quiz
1. Introduction
1. Introduction
2. Understanding Sets
3. Unions
4. Intersections
5. Lesson Summary
6. Learning Outcome
7. 4.1 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Events & Sample Spaces
3. Defining Events, Subsets & Sample Spaces
4. Lesson Summary
5. Learning Outcomes
6. 4.2 quiz
1. Introduction
2. What is an Event in Probability?
3. How to Find the Probability of an Event?
4. Simple Events
5. Compound Event
6. Complementary Events
7. Lesson Summary
8. Frequently Asked Questions
9. 4.3 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Independent Events and Dependent Events
3. Independent Events Definition
4. Independent Events Examples
5. Independent Events Formula
6. Probability of Independent Events
7. Dependent Events Definition
8. Dependent Events Examples
9. Dependent Events Formula
10. Probability of Dependent Events
11. Lesson Summary
12. Frequently Asked Questions
13. 4.4 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Independent Events
3. Multiplication Rule for Independent Events
4. Probability of at Least One Event
5. How to Find Probability of at Least One Event
6. Lesson Summary
7. Frequently Asked Questions
8. 4.5 quiz
1. Introduction
2. What Is a Conditional Probability?
3. Dependent Events in Conditional Probability
4. Calculating Conditional Probability
5. Conditional Probability Examples
6. Lesson Summary
7. Frequently Asked Questions
8. 4.6 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Conditional Probability and Independence
3. Dependent Probability:
4. Independent Probability:
5. Independent vs. Dependent Probability
6. Conditional Independence:
7. How to Solve Conditional Probability Problems:
8. Lesson Summary:
9. Frequently Asked Questions
10. 4.7 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Understanding Probability
3. Independent & Dependent Probability
4. Two-Way Tables
5. Evaluating Independence
6. Lesson Summary
7. Learning Outcomes
8. 4.8 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Probabilities in Real-Life Scenarios
3. Defining Conditional and Independent Probabilities
4. Finding Conditional and Independent Probabilities
5. Finding a Given Event
6. Lesson Summary
7. Learning Outcomes
8. 4.9 quiz
1. Introduction
2. General Addition Rule of Probability
3. Addition Rule for Mutually Exclusive Events
4. Addition Rule for Non-Mutually Exclusive Events
5. Addition Rule for Independent Events
6. Addition Rule of Probability Examples
7. Lesson Summary
8. Frequently Asked Questions
9. 4.10 quiz
1. Introduction
2. What is the Multiplication Rule of Probability?
3. Examples of Multiplication Rule of Probability
4. Multiplication Rule for Independent Events
5. Probability and Experiments
6. Lesson Summary
7. 4.11 quiz
1. Introduction
2. What is a Combination?
3. Combination Formula
4. How to solve Combination Problems
5. Permutation vs Combination
6. Lesson Summary
7. Frequently Asked Questions
8. 4.12 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Permutation
3. Permutation Formula
4. Permutation Notation
5. How to Calculate Permutations
6. Permutation Examples
7. Combination Probability
8. Lesson Summary
9. Frequently Asked Questions
10. 4.13 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Probability
3. Permutations
4. Calculating Probability of Permutations
5. Lesson Summary
6. Learning Outcome
7. 4.14 quiz
1. Introduction
2. What is Relative Frequency?
3. Relationship Between Relative Frequency and Probability
4. How to Find Relative Frequency
5. Relative Frequency Equation Example
6. Relative Frequency Table
7. Relative Frequency and Probability
8. Relative Frequency Examples
9. Lesson Summary
10. Frequently Asked Questions
11. 4.15 quiz
1. Introduction
1. Introduction
2. Random Variable Definition
3. Sample Space Examples
4. Types of Random Variable
5. What is a Discrete Random Variable?
6. Discrete Random Variable Example
7. What is a Continuous Random Variable?
8. Continuous Random Variable Example
9. Lesson Summary
10. Frequently Asked Questions
11. 5.1 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Discrete Variables
3. How to Find Expected Value?
4. Statistics of Expected Value
5. The Expected Value of a Discrete Random Variable
6. St. Petersburg Paradox
7. Lesson Summary
8. Frequently Asked Questions
9. 5.2 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Generating Discrete Probability Distribution
3. Tossing Two Coins
4. Expected Value
5. Roulette: A Game of Chance
6. Lesson Summary
7. Learning Outcomes
8. 5.3 quiz
1. Introdution
2. Changing Data Into Probability
3. Expected Value of the Distribution
4. Insurance
5. Lesson Summary
6. Learning Outcomes
7. 5.4 quiz
1. Introduction
2. The Game of Dice
3. Putting It All Together
4. Rolling Three Dice
5. Four-Sided Dice
6. Lesson Summary
7. Learning Outcomes
8. 5.5 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Drawing Cards and Dependent Probabilities
3. Blackjack
4. Lesson Summary
5. Learning Outcomes
6. 5.6 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Probability in Poker
3. Probability of a Royal Flush
4. Probability of Straights and Flushes
5. Lesson Summary
6. 5.7 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Probability in Poker
3. Probability of a Full House
4. Probability of Four of a Kind
5. Probability of Pairs
6. Lesson Summary
7. 5.8 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Understanding Lotteries and Expected Values
3. Pick 4 Lotteries
4. Bonus Number Lotteries: Powerball
5. Lesson Summary
6. Learning Outcomes
7. 5.9 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Games and Expected Values
3. The Process
4. Betting for a Card
5. Insurance Rates
6. Lesson Summary
7. 5.10 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Understanding Discrete Probability
3. Properties of Probability
4. Practice Problems
5. Lesson Summary
6. Learning Outcomes
7. 5.11 quiz
1. Introduction
2. What is a Binomial Experiment?
3. Understanding Binomial Experiments
4. Binomial Experiment Requirements
5. Identifying Binomial Experiment: Examples
6. Lesson Summary
7. Frequently Asked Questions
8. 5.12 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Binomial Probabilities
3. Identifying Binomial Probabilities
4. Finding a Binomial Probability
5. Lesson Summary
6. Learning Outcomes
7. 5.13 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Understanding Binomial Probabilities
3. Practice Problem 1
4. Practice Problem 2
5. Lesson Summary
6. Learning Outcomes
7. 5.14 quiz
1. Introduction
2. What is Binomial Probability?
3. Using the Binomial Distribution Table
4. Cumulative Binomial Distribution
5. Example of Probability Using Distribution Table
6. Lesson Summary
7. Frequently Asked Questions
8. 5.15 quiz
1. Introduction
2. What is a Binomial Random Variable?
3. Examples of a Binomial Random Variable
4. Probability Distribution of a Binomial Variable
5. Probability of a Binomial Random Variable
6. Mean and Standard Deviation of Binomial Distribution
7. How to Find the Mean of a Binomial Distribution
8. Expected Value of Binomial Distribution
9. Standard Deviation of Binomial Distribution
10. Standard Deviation of Random Variable
11. Lesson Summary
12. Frequently Asked Questions
13. 5.16 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Understanding Binomial Experiments
3. Binomial Experiment Problems
4. Lesson Summary
5. Learning Outcomes
6. 5.17 quiz
1. Introduction
1. Introduction
2. Probability Distribution of a Random Variable
3. Discrete Probability Distribution Graph
4. Continuous Probability Distribution Graph
5. Lesson Summary
6. Frequently Asked Questions
7. 6.1 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Random Variables Defined
3. Probability Density Function
4. Expected Value Computation and Interpretation
5. Lesson Summary
6. Vocabulary & Definitions
7. Learning Outcomes
8. 6.2 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Random Processes and Variables
3. Continuous Probability Distributions
4. Expected Value Computation
5. Lesson Summary
6. Vocabulary & Definitions
7. Learning Outcomes
8. 6.3 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Probability
3. Defining Random Variables & Processes
4. Probabilities as Areas of Geometric Regions
5. Expected Value of Probability Distributions
6. Lesson Summary
7. Key Terms
8. Learning Outcomes
9. 6.4 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Normal Distribution
3. Bell-Curve
4. Normal Distribution Table
5. Normal Distribution Examples
6. Lesson Summary
7. Frequently Asked Questions
8. 6.5 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Z-Score Definition
3. Distribution of Z-Scores
4. Significance of Z-Scores
5. How to Find Z-Score?
6. Z-Score Interpretation
7. Z-Score Example 1
8. Z-Score Example 2
9. Z-Score Equation
10. Lesson Summary
11. Frequently Asked Questions
12. 6.6 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Areas under the Normal Curve
3. Using Statistical Tables
4. Area Between Two Z-Scores
5. Area Beyond Z-Scores
6. Lesson Summary
7. Estimating Areas Under the Normal Curve Using Z-Scores Overview
8. Learning Outcomes
9. 6.7 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Normal Distribution
3. Normal Distribution Empirical Rule Percentages
4. Lesson Summary
5. Frequently Asked Questions
6. 6.8 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Using the Normal Distribution
3. Finding the Z-Score
4. One- and Two-Sided Problems
5. Sample Problem 1: Too Short to
6. Sample Problem 2: Defining a Customer Base
7. Lesson Summary
8. Key Terms
9. Learning Outcomes
10. 6.9 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Calculating Odds
3. Binomial Probabilities Defined
4. Approximating the Binomial Distribution
5. Relating Binomial and Normal Distributions
6. Lesson Summary
7. 6.10 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Sports & Math
3. Continuous Probability Distribution
4. Continuous Probability Concepts
5. Lesson Summary
6. 6.11 quiz
1. Introduction
1. Introduction
2. Random Sample Definition
3. Simple Random Sample Definition
4. When to Use Simple Random Sample in Statistics
5. Method of Simple Random Sampling
6. Simple Random Sampling Examples
7. Pros and Cons of Simple Random Sampling
8. Lesson Summary
9. Frequently Asked Questions
10. 7.1 quiz
1. Intrdouction
2. What is Random Sampling?
3. Random Sampling Types
4. Random Sampling Uses
5. Lesson Summary
6. Frequently Asked Questions
7. 7.2 quiz
1. Introduction
2. What is Stratified Random Sampling?
3. What are the Defining Characteristics of a Stratified Random Sample?
4. Stratified Sampling Method
5. Stratified Sampling Example
6. Lesson Summary
7. Frequently Asked Questions
8. 7.3 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Cluster Sampling Definition
3. Cluster Sample vs Stratified Random Sample
4. Types of Cluster Sampling
5. Advantages and Disadvantages of Cluster Sampling
6. Cluster Random Sampling Examples
7. Lesson Summary
8. Frequently Asked Questions
9. 7.4 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Systematic Sampling
3. Systematic Random Sampling
4. Why Use Systematic Random Sampling?
5. How to Use Systematic Random Sampling
6. Systematic Random Sampling Examples
7. Strengths & Limitations of Systematic Random Sampling
8. Lesson Summary
9. Frequently Asked Questions
10. 7.5 quiz
1. Introduction
2. The Law of Large Numbers
3. What is The Law of Large Numbers?
4. Types of Laws of Large Numbers
5. Significance of The Law of Large Numbers
6. Lesson Summary
7. Frequently Asked Questions
8. 7.6 quiz
1. Introduction
2. What is the Central Limit Theorem?
3. Sample Distribution and Normal Distribution
4. What is the Central Limit Theorem Formula?
5. Central Limit Theorem Proof
6. Central Limit Theorem Conditions
7. Components of the Central Limit Theorem
8. Example of Central Limit Theorem
9. Lesson Summary
10. 7.7 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Sampling Distributions
3. Mean of Sampling Distribution Formula
4. What is the Standard Error of the Mean?
5. How to Find Standard Deviation of Sampling Distribution
6. The Central Limit Theorem
7. Lesson Summary
8. Frequently Asked Questions
9. 7.8 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Polls and Probability
3. The Central Limit Theorem
4. Central Limit Theorem Explained
5. Central Limit Theorem Implications
6. Lesson Summary
7. 7.9 quiz
1. Introduction
1. Introduction
2. Scatterplots Explained
3. Understanding Scatterplots
4. Creating Scatterplots
5. Lesson Summary
6. Learning Outcomes
7. 8.1 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Linear Regression Scenario
3. Key Terms
4. Using Linear Regression
5. Finding A
6. Finding B and Graphing
7. Lesson Summary
8. Learning Outcomes
9. 8.2 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Regression Analysis Defined
3. Regression Assumptions and Residual Analysis
4. Lesson Summary
5. Key Terms
6. Learning Outcomes
7. 8.3 quiz
1. Introduction
2. What Does It Mean to Interpret the Slope and Intercept?
3. How to Interpret Slope
4. How to Interpret Intercept
5. Examples of Interpreting Slope and Y Intercept
6. Lesson Summary
7. 8.4 quiz
1. Introduction
2. What is the Correlation Coefficient?
3. Correlation Coefficient Formula
4. How to Calculate the Correlation Coefficient
5. Interpreting the Correlation Coefficient
6. Lesson Summary
7. Frequently Asked Questions
8. 8.5 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Reviewing the Correlation Coefficient
3. Practice Problem 1
4. Practice Problem 2
5. Lesson Summary
6. Learning Outcomes
7. 8.6 quiz
1. Introduction
2. What Does Correlation Tell Us?
3. How to Read a Correlation Matrix
4. How to Interpret Correlation
5. Correlations' Limitations
6. Lesson Summary
7. Frequently Asked Questions
8. 8.7 quiz
1. Introduction
2. What is Causation?
3. Necessary and Sufficient Causes
4. Theories
5. Causal Relationship Application
6. Correlation Vs Causal Relationship
7. Difference Between Correlation and Causation
8. How To Test Causation?
9. Lesson Summary
10. Frequently Asked Questions
11. 8.8 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Interpreting Linear Relationships
3. Practice Problems
4. Lesson Summary
5. Learning Outcomes
6. 8.9 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Nonlinear Data
3. Transformations
4. Types of Transformations
5. Lesson Summary
6. Learning Outcomes
7. 8.10 quiz
1. Introduction
2. What is the Coefficient of Determination: Definition
3. Coefficient of determination and coefficient of correlation
4. Range of Coefficient of Determination
5. What is the Purpose of the Coefficient of Determination?
6. Coefficient of Determination Formula
7. Example 1: How to Calculate Coefficient of Determination
8. Example 2: How to Find the Coefficient of Determination
9. Lesson Summary
10. Frequently Asked Questions
11. 8.11 quiz
1. Introduction
2. What is the Pearson Correlation Correlation Coefficient (Pearson's R)?
3. Pearson Correlation Formula (Pearson's R Formula)
4. Interpreting the Pearson Correlation Coefficient
5. Testing the Significance of Pearson Correlation Coefficient
6. Lesson Summary
7. Frequently Asked Questions
8. 8.12 quiz
1. Introduction
1. Introduction
2. Estimating in Statistics
3. Point Estimation
4. Interval Estimation
5. Lesson Summary
6. Key Terms
7. Learning Outcome
8. 9.1 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Confidence
3. Point and Interval Estimates
4. Confidence Terminology
5. Lesson Summary
6. 9.2 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Standard Deviation
3. Cases Where This Applies
4. Calculating the Confidence Interval
5. Lesson Summary
6. 9.3 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Sample Size Definition
3. Confidence Interval and Sample Size
4. The Confidence Level and Sample Size Formula
5. Examples of the Confidence Level Sample Size Formula
6. Lesson Summary
7. Frequently Asked Questions
8. 9.4 quiz
1. Introduction
2. What is t-Distribution?
3. When to Use Student t-Distribution
4. t-Distribution Formula
5. Properties of t-Distribution
6. t-Distribution Examples
7. Lesson Summary
8. FAQs
9. Activities
10. 9.5 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Sample Standard Deviation
3. The T Distribution
4. Calculating Confidence Intervals
5. Example
6. Lesson Summary
7. 9.6 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Parameter & Statistic
3. Biased Estimator
4. Unbiased Estimator
5. Lesson Summary
6. Frequently Asked Questions
7. 9.7 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Confidence Intervals and Proportions
3. Important Formulas
4. Example
5. Lesson Summary
6. 9.8 quiz
1. Introduction
1. Introduction
2. What is Hypothesis Testing?
3. Hypothesis Testing Steps
4. Hypothesis Testing Examples
5. Lesson Summary
6. Frequently Asked Questions
7. 10.1 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Hypothesis Testing
3. Setting Up the Problem
4. Analyzing the Data
5. Lesson Summary
6. Vocabulary & Definitions
7. Lesson Outcomes
8. 10.2 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Hypothesis Testing
3. Effect Size Definition
4. Interpreting Effect Size
5. Using Effect Size
6. Lesson Summary
7. Vocabulary & Definitions
8. Learning Outcome
9. 10.3 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Errors in Hypothesis Testing
3. Characteristics of a Hypothesis
4. What is a Type I Error?
5. What is a Type II Error?
6. Type I and Type II Errors Examples
7. Lesson Summary
8. Frequently Asked Questions
9. 10.4 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Testing a Small Sample
3. Setting up the Hypothesis Test
4. Developing the Confidence Interval
5. Relating Significance and P-Value to Confidence Intervals
6. Lesson Summary
7. 10.5 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Hypothesis Testing
3. Large Independent Samples
4. Z-Test
5. Example
6. Lesson Summary
7. 10.6 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Definitions
3. Null & Alt
4. t-Test Stats
5. Lesson Summary
6. Learning Outcomes
7. 10.7 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Hypothesis Testing Matched Pairs
3. What Is Paired Data?
4. The Important Equation
5. Example
6. Lesson Summary
7. 10.8 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Background on Proportions
3. Conditions for Hypothesis Testing
4. Procedure
5. Lesson Summary
6. 10.9 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Proportions
3. Proportions & Hypothesis Testing
4. Example
5. Lesson Summary
6. 10.10 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Chi-Square Test Definition
3. Chi-Square Explained
4. Purpose of Chi-Square Test
5. Lesson Summary
6. Frequently Asked Questions
7. 10.11 quiz
1. Introduction
2. What Does ANOVA Stand for?
3. Types of ANOVA Tests
4. Purpose of ANOVA
5. What is an ANOVA Test Used for?
6. Lesson Summary
7. Frequently Asked Questions
8. 10.12 quiz
1. Introduction
2. Definitions
3. One-Way Between Subjects
4. One-Way Repeated Measure
5. Two-Way
6. Lesson Summary
7. Learning Outcomes
8. 10.13 quiz
1. Introduction
1. Flashcard
1. Flashcards
1. Flashcards
1. Flashcards
1. Flashcards
1. Flashcards
1. Flashcards
1. Flashcards
1. Flashcards
1. Z-Scores & Standard Normal Curve Areas Statistical Table
1. Critical Values of the t-Distribution Statistical Table
1. Binomial Probabilities Statistical Tables
1. Assignment
2. Final Exam Instructions
3. Final Exam

About this course

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General Questions

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25% Final Exam

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Statistics 101: Principles of Statistics

Ch 1: Introduction to Statistics

Lesson 1.2 Distinguishing Between Population and Sample in Statistics

Lesson 1.3 Parameters vs. Statistics: Key Differences Explained

Lesson 1.4 How to Estimate Parameters: Methods and Examples

Lesson 1.5 A Guide to Quantitative Data: Types and Examples

Lesson 1.6 Exploring Categorical Data: Definitions and Real-Life Examples

Lesson 1.7 Discrete vs. Continuous Data: Simple Definitions and Examples

Lesson 1.8 - Nominal and Ordinal Data: Understanding Measurements and Analysis

Lesson 1.9 - The Purpose and Types of Statistical Modeling

Lesson 1.10 - Comparing Experiments and Observational Studies

Lesson 1.11 - Understanding Random Allocation and Selection in Statistics

Lesson 1.12 - What is Convenience Sampling? Definitions and Examples

Lesson 1.13 - Overview of Randomized Controlled Trials: Design and Examples

Lesson 1.14 - How to Analyze and Interpret Results from Randomized Experiments

Lesson 1.15 - Identifying Confounding and Bias in Statistics

Lesson 1.16 - Confounding Variables: Types, Definitions, and Tips

Lesson 1.17 - Recognizing Bias in Statistics with Examples

Lesson 1.18 - Common Biases in Polls and Surveys: Definitions and Examples

Lesson 1.19 - How Statistics Can Be Misleading: Common Misuses

Ch 2: Summarizing Data

Lesson 2.1 - Understanding the Center of a Data Set: Definitions and Options

Lesson 2.2 - Central Tendency Measures in Psychology: An Overview

Lesson 2.3 - Central Tendency: Definitions, Formulas, and Examples

Lesson 2.4 - Practice Problems: Calculating Mean, Median, Mode, and Range

Lesson 2.5 - Skewed vs. Symmetric Distributions: Definitions and Graphs

Lesson 2.6 - Unimodal and Bimodal Histograms: Definitions and Examples

Lesson 2.7 - Mean vs. Median: When to Use, How to Calculate, and Examples

Lesson 2.8 - Understanding Data Spread: Overview and Examples

Lesson 2.9 - Identifying Outliers in a Data Set: Minimums and Maximums

Lesson 2.10 - Quartiles and Interquartile Range: Calculations and Examples

Lesson 2.11 - Finding Percentiles in a Data Set: Formulas and Examples

Lesson 2.12 - Understanding Standard Deviation: Equations, Formulas, and Examples

Lesson 2.13 - How Linear Transformations Affect Measures of Center and Spread

Lesson 2.14 - Population Variance: Definition, Formulas, and Calculations

Lesson 2.15 - Ranked Data: Definitions, Types, and Analysis

Ch 3: Tables and Plots

Lesson 3.1 - Understanding Relative Frequency: Definitions and Examples

Lesson 3.2 - Cumulative Frequency: Definitions, Tables, and Examples

Lesson 3.3 - Cumulative and Relative Frequencies: Formulas, Tables, and Calculations

Lesson 3.4 - How to Create and Read Stem-and-Leaf Displays

Lesson 3.5 - Histograms: How to Create and Interpret Them

Lesson 3.6 - Frequency Polygons: Graphs and How to Make Them

Lesson 3.7 Creating & Interpreting Dot Plots: Process & Examples

Lesson 3.8 Creating & Interpreting Box Plots: Process & Examples

Lesson 3.9 Understanding Bar Graphs and Pie Charts

Lesson 3.10 Making Arguments & Predictions from Univariate Data

Lesson 3.11 What is Bivariate Data? - Definition & Examples

Lesson 3.12 What is a Two-Way Table?

Lesson 3.13 Joint, Marginal & Conditional Frequencies: Definitions, Differences & Examples

Ch 4: Probability

Lesson 4.1 Mathematical Sets: Elements, Intersections & Unions

Lesson 4.2 Events as Subsets of a Sample Space: Definition & Example

Lesson 4.3 Probability of Simple, Compound and Complementary Events

Lesson 4.4 Probability of Independent and Dependent Events

Lesson 4.5 Probability of Independent Events: The 'At Least One' Rule

Lesson 4.6 How to Calculate Simple Conditional Probabilities

Lesson 4.7 The Relationship Between Conditional Probabilities & Independence

Lesson 4.8 Using Two-Way Tables to Evaluate Independence

Lesson 4.9 Applying Conditional Probability & Independence to Real Life Situations

Lesson 4.10 The Addition Rule of Probability: Definition & Examples

Lesson 4.11 The Multiplication Rule of Probability: Definition & Examples

Lesson 4.12 Math Combinations: Formula and Example Problems

Lesson 4.13 How to Calculate a Permutation

Lesson 4.14 How to Calculate the Probability of Permutations

Lesson 4.15 Relative Frequency & Classical Approaches to Probability

Ch 5: Discrete Probability Distributions

Lesson 5.1 Random Variables: Definition, Types & Examples

Lesson 5.2 Finding & Interpreting the Expected Value of a Discrete Random Variable

Lesson 5.3 Developing Discrete Probability Distributions Theoretically & Finding Expected Values

Lesson 5.4 Developing Discrete Probability Distributions Empirically & Finding Expected Values

Lesson 5.5 Dice: Finding Expected Values of Games of Chance

Lesson 5.6 Blackjack: Finding Expected Values of Games of Chance with Cards

Lesson 5.7 Poker: Finding Expected Values of High Hands

Lesson 5.8 Poker: Finding Expected Values of Low Hands

Lesson 5.9 Lotteries: Finding Expected Values of Games of Chance

Lesson 5.10 Comparing Game Strategies Using Expected Values: Process & Examples

Lesson 5.11 How to Apply Discrete Probability Concepts to Problem Solving

Lesson 5.12 Binomial Experiments: Definition, Characteristics & Examples

Lesson 5.13 Finding Binomial Probabilities Using Formulas: Process & Examples