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Intro to
Biology 2
Expand your understanding of life on Earth. Ecosystems, plant biology, animal systems, and the science connecting them all.
What You'll Learn
A full semester of intro to biology 2 — completed at your own pace, with no deadlines or fixed class times.
What You'll Be Able to Do
- Define and explain key biological principles, including evolution, genetic inheritance, and ecological systems, to establish a foundation in advanced biology
- Describe molecular processes such as DNA replication, transcription, translation, and gene regulation in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms
- Apply biotechnological tools and techniques to genome mapping, sequencing, and real-world challenges like genetic engineering and biodiversity conservation
- Analyze structural and functional adaptations in organisms and evaluate their roles in supporting ecological stability
- Evaluate ethical implications and design scientific investigations related to gene regulation, immune responses, and environmental interventions
Major Course Topics
Course chapters and lessons
Intro to Biology 2 has 16 chapters across 73 instructional hours, as listed in the course syllabus. Expand any chapter to see the lessons inside it.
- Chapters
- 16
- Lessons
- 125
- Instructional hours
- 73 hrs
- Semester hours
- 3
Chapter 1
Viruses
- 1.1 Viral Evolution, Morphology, and Classification
- 1.2 Virus Infections and Hosts
- 1.3 Prevention and Treatment of Viral Infections
- 1.4 Other Acellular Entities: Prions and Viroids
Chapter 2
Prokaryotes and Protists
- 2.1 Prokaryotic Diversity
- 2.2 Structure of Prokaryotes: Bacteria and Archaea
- 2.3 Prokaryotic Metabolism
- 2.4 Bacterial Diseases in Humans
- 2.5 Beneficial Prokaryotes
- 2.6 Eukaryotic Origins
- 2.7 Characteristics of Protists
- 2.8 Groups of Protists
- 2.9 Ecology of Protists
Chapter 3
Fungi, Plants and Seed plants
- 3.1 Characteristics of Fungi
- 3.2 Classifications of Fungi
- 3.3 Ecology of Fungi
- 3.4 Fungal Parasites and Pathogens
- 3.5 Importance of Fungi in Human Life
- 3.6 Early Plant Life
- 3.7 Green Algae: Precursors of Land Plants
- 3.8 Bryophytes
- 3.9 Seedless Vascular Plants
- 3.10 Evolution of Seed Plants
- 3.11 Gymnosperms
- 3.12 Angiosperms
- 3.13 The Role of Seed Plants
Chapter 4
Animal Diversity
- 4.1 Features of the Animal Kingdom
- 4.2 Features Used to Classify Animals
- 4.3 Animal Phylogeny
- 4.4 The Evolutionary History of the Animal
Chapter 5
Chapter 5: Invertebrates and Vertebrates
- 5.1 Phylum Porifera
- 5.2 Phylum Cnidaria
- 5.3 Superphylum Lophotrochozoa: Flatworms, Rotifers, and Nemerteans
- 5.4 Superphylum Lophotrochozoa: Molluscs and Annelids
- 5.5 Superphylum Ecdysozoa: Nematodes and Tardigrades
- 5.6 Superphylum Ecdysozoa: Arthropods
- 5.7 Superphylum Deuterostomia
- 5.8 Chordates
- 5.9 Fishes
- 5.10 Amphibians
- 5.11 Reptiles
- 5.12 Birds
- 5.13 Mammals
- 5.14 The Evolution of Primates
Chapter 6
Chapter 6: Plant Form and Function
- 6.1 The Plant Body
- 6.2 Stems
- 6.3 Roots
- 6.4 Leaves
- 6.5 Transport of Water and Solutes in Plants
- 6.6 Plant Sensory Systems and Responses
Chapter 7
Chapter 7: Plant Reproduction and Nutrition
- 7.1 Nutritional Requirements of Plants
- 7.2 The Soil
- 7.3 Nutritional Adaptations of Plants
- 7.4 Reproductive Development and Structure
- 7.5 Pollination and Fertilization
- 7.6 Asexual Reproduction
Chapter 8
Chapter 8: The Animal Body, Homeostasis Animal Nutrition and the Digestive System
- 8.1 Animal Form and Function
- 8.2 Animal Tissues
- 8.3 Homeostasis
- 8.4 Digestive Systems
- 8.5 Nutrition and Energy Production
- 8.6 Digestive System Processes
- 8.7 Digestive System Regulation
Chapter 9
Chapter 9.: Nervous and Endocrine Systems
- 9.1 Neurons and Glial Cells
- 9.2 How Neurons Communicate
- 9.3 The Central Nervous System
- 9.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
- 9.5 Nervous System Disorders
- 9.6 Sensory Processes
- 9.7 Somatosensation
- 9.8 Taste and Smell
- 9.9 Hearing and Vestibular Sensation
- 9.10 Vision
- 9.11 Types of Hormones
- 9.12 How Hormones Work
- 9.13 Regulation of Body Processes
- 9.14 Regulation of Hormone Production
- 9.15 Endocrine Glands
Chapter 10
Chapter 10: The Musculoskeletal System, Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems
- 10.1 Types of Skeletal Systems
- 10.2 Bone
- 10.3 Joints and Skeletal Movement
- 10.4 Muscle Contraction and Locomotion
- 10.5 Systems of Gas Exchange
- 10.6 Gas Exchange across Respiratory Surfaces
- 10.7 Breathing
- 10.8 Transport of Gases in Human Bodily Fluids
- 10.9 Overview of the Circulatory System
- 10.10 Components of the Blood
- 10.11 Mammalian Heart and Blood Vessels
- 10.12 Blood Flow and Blood Pressure Regulation
Chapter 11
Chapter 11: Integrated Biological Systems: Homeostasis, Immunity, and Reproduction
- 11.1 Osmoregulation and Osmotic Balance
- 11.2 The Kidneys and Osmoregulatory Organs
- 11.3 Excretion Systems
- 11.4 Nitrogenous Wastes
- 11.5 Hormonal Control of Osmoregulatory Functions
- 11.6 Innate Immune Response
- 11.7 Adaptive Immune Response
- 11.8 Antibodies
- 11.9 Disruptions in the Immune System
Chapter 12
Chapter 12: Animal Reproduction and Development
- 12.1 Reproduction Methods
- 12.2 Fertilization
- 12.3 Human Reproductive Anatomy and Gametogenesis
- 12.4 Hormonal Control of Human Reproduction
- 12.5 Human Pregnancy and Birth
- 12.6 Fertilization and Early Embryonic Development
- 12.7 Organogenesis and Vertebrate Formation
Chapter 13
Chapter 13: Ecology
- 13.1 The Scope of Ecology
- 13.2 Biogeography
- 13.3 Terrestrial Biomes
- 13.4 Aquatic Biomes
- 13.5 Climate and the Effects of Global Climate Change
Chapter 14
Chapter 14: Population and Community Ecology
- 14.1 Population Demography
- 14.2 Life Histories and Natural Selection
- 14.3 Environmental Limits to Population Growth
- 14.4 Population Dynamics and Regulation
- 14.5 Human Population Growth
- 14.6 Community Ecology
- 14.7 Behavioral Biology: Proximate and Ultimate Causes of Behavior
Chapter 15
Chapter 15: Ecosystems
- 15.1 Ecology of Ecosystems
- 15.2 Energy Flow through Ecosystems
- 15.3 Biogeochemical Cycles
Chapter 16
Chapter 16: Conservation Biology
- 16.1 The Biodiversity Crisis
- 16.2 The Importance of Biodiversity to Human Life
- 16.3 Threats to Biodiversity
- 16.4 Preserving Biodiversity
These chapters come straight from the official course syllabus, which also sets out the graded assignment and the proctored final exam.
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